Conflict of Interest

Conflict of Interest and Competing Interests Policy

The journal is committed to ensuring transparency, fairness, and editorial independence in accordance with the ethical principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). All authors, editors, reviewers, and publishers must disclose any financial or non-financial interests that may influence, or appear to influence, the publication process. These interests may include funding, institutional affiliations, personal relationships, professional collaborations, or involvement with organizations supporting community service activities. Authors must declare any potential conflicts when submitting their manuscripts. If no conflicts exist, they should state, "The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to this work." Editors and reviewers must disclose potential conflicts and withdraw from evaluating manuscripts when their impartiality may be compromised. Editorial decisions must be based solely on academic quality, ethical standards, relevance, and contributions to community development, without influence from publication fees, financial relationships, or institutional interests. Any undisclosed conflicts identified before or after publication will be assessed and addressed in accordance with COPE guidelines to protect the integrity and credibility of the scholarly publishing process.